A calls B, B has call forwarding active to C. In any GSM call, there are two parts, The Mobile Originating call (MOC) and the Mobile terminating Call (MTC). Two sets of CDRs are generated for the same call, the MOC and the MTC part. <------------------------MOC-----------------------------> | | <----------------------MTC----------------------------> | A <----------->RNC/BSC <--------------> MSC(A) <-------> MSC (B) <------------->RNC/BSC <-----------> B MSC(A) serves subscriber A, MSC(B) serves subscriber B. ********************************************************************* In my opinion, Call forwarding is just another smart way of making money from subscribers. If A, B and C are on safaricom network, A pays 8 bob to call B (MOC), and then B will pay 8 bob to diver the call to C(MTC). So safaricom ends up getting 16 bob/min for one call. Take a scenerio where B and C are on different networks. If A and B are in safaricom, and C is on Yu, the A will pay 8 bob to get to B (MOC), and B will pay the 15 bob to call C (MTC). In this scenerio, Safaricom will get 23 bob/min for one call. In both cases, A pays for a 'non-existent' part of the call (MTC) and B pays for a 'non-existent' part of the call (MOC). In terms of actual traffic flow, there is little or no difference btn a call from A-B-C, and from A-C directly. Yes, there is additional signalling introduced by the call forwarding. At the end of the day for voice calls, the subscriber is charged for actual traffic, never for the signalling. ********************************************************************* Looking at it from a business perspective, it makes sense to charge someone for the call forwarding service, after all, there are costs associated with it. My contention is that they are charging for the service in the wrong way. This is what would make sense / be fair to me, as an informed consumer.... A should pay for normal cost of call to B. However, charges levied on B should be: If B and C are on same network, a standing charge *x* per call, to cater for overheads of the service, but no charge per minute if B and C are on same network, a standing charge *x *plus a charge *y *per second/minute to cater for the interconnection part of the call. However, this amount *y* should be less than the full cost of making call from network of B to network of C. Just my thoughts. Tito.